ESL Curriculum Planning for Teaching English

This curriculum plan for non-trained teachers of ESL/EFL focuses on building a program for your class or private students. The first part focuses on the basics of ESL. There are a few important aspects to always keep in mind while developing any curriculum, be it only a few lessons or a full course: Language skills need to be recycled many times before they are actively acquired.All language skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) should be involved in the learning process.Understanding grammar rules does not necessarily mean that a student can use that grammar, as students need to actively practice skills they are learning. Language Recycling An acquired language needs to be repeated in a various number of guises before it can be actively used by the student. Studies have shown that new linguistic functions need to be repeated at least six times before most learners can consider the new piece of language theirs. After six repetitions, the newly-acquired language skills are usually still only passively activated. The learner will require more repetitions before he or she will be able to use the skills actively in everyday conversation. Here is an example of language recycling using the present simple: Work on the present simple rules.Read an article about the daily routines of someone.Listen to someone who describes his or her daily tasks.Have a discussion asking him or her to describe what he or she does on a daily basis. Use All Four Skills Employing all four linguistic skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) when working through a lesson will help you recycle language during the lesson. Learning rules are important, but, in my opinion, practicing the language is even more important. Bringing all these aspects into a lesson will add variety to the lesson and help the learner pragmatically practice the language. Ive met many learners who can knock off a grammar sheet without a mistake and then  when asked, Could you describe your sister? they have problems. This is generally due to the emphasis in many school systems for learning grammar. Putting It All Together So, now you understand the basic tenets of teaching English effectively. You might be asking yourself the question what do I teach? When planning a course, most coursebooks build their curriculum around certain themes that help glue everything together. While this can be rather complicated, I would like to provide a simple example that develops the present simple and past simple. Use this type of outline to build your lesson and remember to provide a number of elements, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. You will find that your lessons have a  purpose and specific objectives which are clearly definable, like helping you and your learners recognize the progress you are making. Who are you? What do you do? (Daily routines)A present simple example: What do you do? I work at Smiths. I get up at seven, etc.To be present example: Im married. Shes thirty-four.Descriptive adjectives example: I am tall. He is short.Tell me about your past. Where did you go on your last holiday?A past simple example: Where did you go on holiday when you were a child?To be past example: The weather was fantastic.Irregular verbs example: Go — went; Shine — shone Finally, the lesson generally will be divided into three principal sections. Introduction:  Introducing or reviewing grammar or function.Development: Taking that grammar and working on it in reading, listening, and other forms. This section should make up the bulk of your lesson and include a number of different activities, if possible.​Review: Review the principle concepts covered during the lesson. This can be very straightforward and either student or teacher-led, depending on the level of your learners.

Principles of Management Essay - 1288 Words

Goal Setting: A Managers Role vs. the Employee’s Role nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"How do you get your employees to perform better?† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Are your employees focused, motivated, organized and driven?† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"What goals have been established for your employees?† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These are a few of the many questions I asked to multiple managers within the company that I work for. Being a relatively new employee, working there for a little over a year, I wanted to ask these questions. Not to see how different managers felt about specific employees, but to get an overall view of how their jobs as managers directly affected each and everyone’s job performance.†¦show more content†¦I asked our tech. manager if he covers all bases before he relays any goals to his employees (Rogers, Stan Personal Interview May 10, 2005). He then answered: â€Å"In order for me to properly prepare any of my employees for their monthly goals I have to go over all of the information multiple times before I can effectively relay the message to them. Otherwise, if I’m not organized, they won’t be organized out on the job and in the office.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pillar three, direct is next. This is where the manager simply flips on the switch and turns on the lights for the employees. They are given the goals that have been established for them and have been released. It is now up to the employees to take the information that they were given and effectively and efficiently perform their duties to the best of their abilities. Our internet services manager said it best by saying (Brown, Phil Personal Interview, May 15, 2005): â€Å"Direction is the essence of goal setting. What path will your employees travel down if not directed down the right path? Some will meet their goals but more times most of them will head for the light and never reach it. If the manager does in fact divulge all of the necessary information, they will see that overall job performance will remain high and the employees will be betterShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Scientific Management1149 Words   |  5 PagesScientific Management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Taylor was an American mechanical engineer and a management consultant in his later years. 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The last of the mohicans Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The last of the mohicans Argumentative Essay The Last Of The Mohicans by James Fenimore cooper is a great historical romance. It is a very intriguing novel. It shows examples of heroism and courage. It is a great novel and examples of that are apparent in the characters, plot and setting. Chingachgook and Uncas are descendants of Delaware as well as Mohican tribes, who are scouts and warriors who serve the British. Here historical allegiances have been altered through character association, the Delaware Indians were of pro-French sympathies. Chingachgook and Uncas are portraits of men of nearly every virtue, few limitations and no vices. The story is set in 1757, the third year of war between England and France for the possession of the continent. The center of the story is the most notorious event of the French and Indian War; the so called massacre of British troops and women and children by General Montcalm’s Indian allies after the British surrender of Fort William Henry to the French on 9th August 1757. The plot favors emotions over reason. The novel opens with a historical atmosphere. The plot changes to a more romantic state. The plot revolves around the efforts of Alice and Cora Munro to join their father, who is the commander of Fort William Henry near Lake Champlain. Their course is blocked by Magua, the leader of a group of Huron Indians who are allied to the French. His schemes are frustrated by Uncas, the last of the Mohicans, his father Chingachgook, and Natty Bumppo. Reading the novel, The Last of the Mohicans, I was actually able to appreciate Coopers work, as it was very interesting. I found the book was interesting because of the historical background and Cooper clearly portrayed the different values of two cultures.

Preposition 23 Suspension of Air Pollution Control Act

The Preposition 23 states that the implementation of Air Pollution Control Law (according to Global Warming Solutions Act), will be suspended, until the employment level in California decrease to 5.5 %. In addition, the Proposition 23 suspends the program on greenhouse gas emission reduction that involves cleaner fuel requirements and augmented renewable energy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Preposition 23: Suspension of Air Pollution Control Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also suspends reporting on mandatory emotions for such emission sources as oil refines and power plants (League of Women Voters of California Education Fund, n. p.). During the period of suspension, the state organizations will not allowed to adopt and propose new regulations and enforce previously accepted regulations. The proposition 23 received a mixed feedback from the voters. On the one hand, it was approved by the California Ai r Resources Board that considered it more realistic to suspend the implementation of this law due to the existing $ billion deficit leading to the rise of unemployment rates and to destruction of the economy and society (Official Voter Information Guide, n. d.). On the other hand, the proposition was highly criticized because it could impose adverse effects on the situation with air pollution in California. Moreover, the voters believe that â€Å"†¦Texas oil companies are spending millions on a deceptive campaign to promote Prop. 23 because 23 would allow them and other polluters to escape accountability and increase their profits† (Official Voter Information Guide, n. d). A thorough analysis of the situation reveals that the Proposition 23 can save workplaces and, at the same time preserves clean water and air in California; it should also prevent from destruction of economies. Nevertheless, the measure can be also evaluated as the oil companies’ attempt to promo te their businesses and to reduce export of foreign oils (Pros and Cons. Suspension of AB 32 Air Pollution Control Law). Despite the fact that there is equal amount of arguments in favor and against, the majorities of voters did not support the Proposition because they are more concerned with climate change issues. In particular they believe that air pollution and natural disaster refer to much more serious problems (Forum with Michael Krasny n. p.). However, there were voters that explained their approval by their concerns with the economic situation in California that had considerably aggravated within the period of 40 years. Therefore, the problem is difficult to resort. Two-polar views are presented in Walter’s article called Airing Out Prop 23 where he presents a neutral position on the case (Walter 1).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my humble opinion, the Preposition 23 has both positive and negative outcomes for the members of our society. Such mixed attitudes to the issue are predetermined by setting different priorities. In particular, some people believe that the suspension of Air Pollution Control Act will have an adverse effect on the ecological environment in California and will impose inevitable losses. However, there are people whose are more economically predetermined believing that a short suspension will improve the economic situation. I believe that suspension will not beneficial for either of the supporters because the unemployment rate can be decreased by other, more efficient methods. In addition, there should be other methods and programs on providing clean air and waters in California that would not require significant funding. Otherwise, the secretary of state will turn out to be in a tight corner. Works Cited Forum with Michael Krasny. Preposition 23. KQED Radio. 2010. Web. League of Women Voter of California Education Fund. Preposition 23. Smart Voter. 2010. Web. Official Voter Information Guide. Prop 23 Suspends Implementation Of Air Pollution Control Law (Ab 32) Requiring Major Sources Of Emissions To Report And Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions That Cause Global Warming, Until Unemployment Drops To 5.5 Percent Or Less For Full Year. Initiative Statute. California Statewide General Election. 2010. Web. Pros and Cons. Suspension of AB 32 Air Pollution Control Law. League of Women Voters of California. 2010. Web. Walters, Hedi. Airing Out Prop 23. North Coast Journal. 2010. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Preposition 23: Suspension of Air Pollution Control Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Preposition 23: Suspension of Air Pollution Control Act was written and submitted by user Kylan Middleton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

1 Essays - Aftermath Of War, Illinois Department Of Veterans Affairs

The House of Representatives of the 96th General Assembly of the State of Illinois has designated the week of August 30, 2010, ?Workforce Development Week.? Our Workforce Investment Board of Western Illinois will be focusing on veterans during Workforce Development Week, August 30 ? September 5, 2010. Accordingly, we want to ensure you know the services available to assist you in your transition from the military to a civilian job. Some of these services include: ? State Government/Employment Preference: Bonus Points are given on Central Management Services entrance examinations to honorably discharged veterans who served on Federal Active Duty as well as those who served in the National Guard or Reserves. Hiring Preference is given to veterans who served on Federal Active Duty and reside in Illinois over non-veterans in the same grade category. ?Patriot Express Loan Initiative: The new Patriot Express loan is offered by the Small Business Association?s network of participating lenders and feature a fast turnaround time for loan approvals. Loans are available up to $500,000 and qualify for SBA?s maximum guaranty of up to 85 percent for loans of $150,000 or less and up to 75 percent for loans over $150,000 up to $500,000. For loans above $350,000, lenders are required to take all available collateral. The Patriot Express loan can be used for most business purposes, including start-up, expansion, equipment purchases, working capital, inventory or business-occupied real-estate purchases. Patriot Express loans feature SBA?s lowest interest rates for business loans, generally 2.25 percent to 4.75 percent over prime depending upon the size and maturity of the loan. Your local SBA district office will have a listing of Patriot Express lenders in your area. http://www.sba.gov/patriotexpress/index.html ?Jobs for Vets: The Department of Employment Security/Illinois Job Service provides a trained "Veterans Representative" to help you get the training and job you need. An electronic statewide job search information system is available at different locations throughout the State of Illinois. ?The Department of Human Services provides services for veterans with mental/physical disabilities that assist them in returning to gainful employment. ?Illinois Operation Employ Veterans: The Operation Employ Veterans program is a joint initiative of the disabilityworks program and the Easter Seals organization. Disabilityworks, a nationally recognized effort geared toward enhancing employment and training opportunities for people with disabilities, is funded by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) and administered by the Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce. Operation Employ Veterans was developed to enhance the services available at the local level and help fill the gaps in the veterans' services delivery system statewide. DCEO provided a $500,000 grant for the program. A number of state agencies will be involved with facilitating services through the program including the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Employment Security and Central Management Services, as well as other local organizations. ?The Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity have a number of Small Business Administration loan and Job Training Programs. ?Under state law, qualified Illinois Veterans must be afforded an opportunity for interview and employment before Illinois non-Veterans in the same grade category. ?Small Business Administration, Office of Veterans Business Development acts as an Ombudsman for Veterans in Small Business Administration programs and provides business training, counseling and assistance, and oversees the Federal procurement programs for Veteran and Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned small businesses. ?The Uniformed Services Employment and Re-Employment Rights Act: A veteran who has recently returned from a tour of duty has special reemployment rights under federal law. The Uniformed Services Employment and Re-Employment Rights Act (USERRA) provides benefits and remedies to returning service members who are seeking re-employment with their former employers. ?Veterans' Grant: The Illinois Veteran Grant (IVG) Program pays tuition and certain fees at all Illinois state-supported colleges, universities and community colleges for Illinois residents. ?Illinois Troops to Teachers: Teaching in public schools is a profession highly compatible with the experience veterans receive in the military. The Illinois Troops to Teachers Program can help eligible veterans with at least 6 years of honorable service transition to K-12 public school teaching. The Illinois Troops to Teachers office, under the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs provides: Educational and teaching career advisement, information resources for earning an Illinois teacher's certification, access to mentors, Illinois veterans who have successfully transitioned and preparation for and

Americans On The Eve Of The Revolution essays

Americans On The Eve Of The Revolution essays Americans at the Eve of the Revolution Prior to the Revolutionary war, early Americans were struggling to find their identity among the rest of the world. As they strived for independence, England began to bear down on the colonies and take away the cherished self-government that tee colonists had enjoyed to this point. The colonists began to band together in a common interest. Independence. The energetic, ambitious, independent-minded colonists were no longer willing to live under English control. Tired of unfair taxation, unequal rights, and unreasonable laws, colonists were ready for change. The English were in great debt following the French-Indian War along with other military campaigns throughout Europe. In realization that debts needed to be paid, the English immediately looked to the colonies to solve financial burdens. The Parliament soon passed and enforced many laws and taxes to raise money to revive a struggling government. The colonists who lived in practical freedom now faced a life controlled by selfish monarchs an ocean away. The passing of the Proclamation of 1763, which took hard-earned land from colonists, and the Trade and Navigation Acts, which forced merchants to stop in England en route to their trade destination, greatly disturbed the freedom they had. The Stamp Act of 1765, perhaps the most hated tax the British implemented, had an effect that would progress beyond any reasonable prediction. Led by Samuel Adams, the Stamp Act Congress was formed. This was the first cooperation among the colonies. The congress ordered a boycott on all British Goods. England soon revoked the Stamp Act. I believe that this was a huge encouragement for the Americans it their march towards independence. Many colonists of this time were unhappy with the way England was governing America. The British Statesman, Edmund Burke, greatly empathized with the Americans. D ...

Success with Agile Project Management in General Dynamics Case Study

Success with Agile Project Management in General Dynamics - Case Study Example As Stapleton (2003) notes, the reason why DSDM agile framework was adopted is not only because of their reputation for high quality delivery projects, but also because of the sensitivity of the project. In addition, DSDM have been proved for their MoSCoW approach, which has been applied and yielded success in past projects. In addition, DSDM is known for their iterative and incremental approaches that are a great determinant of success in agile projects (Stapleton, 2003). The Ministry also chose this agile framework because of its earlier project management experiences where there was budget overrun, time constraints and lesser successes (General Dynamics, 2010). In addition, the ministry needed a technically complex project, and this could definitely not have been achieved by employing the traditional project management approaches. The other reason that saw DSDM being contracted for the project was due to its ability to stick to its principles that guide its success, and the ability of this agile framework to bridge the gap between prime contractors and customers to a successful integrated project. The main problems that the project team tried to solve were schedule deadlines, costs and technical applications of the project. The ministry of Defense saw the dire need for up-to-date technological applications that would help reduce cases of mistaken identity in the heat of the battle, and this would be achieved through the Combat Identifications Server (CIdS) Technology Project (TDP) (General Dynamics, 2010). These problems could not be adequately addressed through the traditional model. To address the problems, the agile framework adopted some of its most basic and well known techniques. DSDM is known for applying eight basic principles that are guidelines that lay the foundation for the success of the framework (Layton, 2012). These techniques are a focus on what the business needs, timely delivery, collaboration, and un-compromised